Cluster headache is a primary headache disorder within the trigeminal autonomic cephalalgias.
Attacks occur in bouts or clusters, often at similar times of day, and may recur several times daily for weeks or months.
The condition is different from TN and migraine, although symptoms can overlap.
A GP or headache specialist diagnoses cluster headache from the attack pattern and associated signs.
Brain imaging may be arranged to exclude other causes, particularly with a first or atypical presentation.
A headache diary should record attack time, length, side, eye and nose symptoms and treatment response.
Specialist-prescribed acute treatments include oxygen delivered through an appropriate mask and fast-acting triptans by injection or nasal spray.
Preventive treatment may include verapamil or other specialist options, with appropriate monitoring.
Paracetamol and ibuprofen are usually too slow to treat a cluster attack.
Attacks can severely disrupt sleep, work and emotional wellbeing. A written plan for acute treatment and urgent review can reduce delays.
Do not drive or use equipment if pain, sleep loss or medicine effects make it unsafe.
Cluster headache can have a severe effect on sleep, work, relationships and mental health.
Support for sleep, anxiety, low mood and coping can sit alongside medical treatment. It does not mean the pain is imagined.
If you feel unable to keep yourself safe, call 999 or go to A&E. For urgent mental-health help that is not an immediate emergency, use NHS 111 and select the mental-health option where available.
Cluster attacks are usually shorter, may recur several times a day and often cause restlessness rather than a wish to lie still.
Cluster attacks last longer and usually include prominent eye or nasal symptoms.
Usually not, because attacks become severe quickly. Prescribed oxygen or fast-acting triptans are commonly used.
Timing and associated symptoms are central to diagnosis and treatment planning.
Other facial pain conditions and useful information
This information is for general guidance and does not replace professional medical advice. Always consult your healthcare professional.
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